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Januarius MacGahan
Januarius Aloysius MacGahan ()〔"MacGahan, Januarius Aloysius", in ''Webster's Biographical Dictionary'' (1943/1960),Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.〕 was an American journalist and war correspondent working for the ''New York Herald'' and the ''London Daily News''. His articles describing the massacre of Bulgarian civilians by Turkish soldiers and irregular volunteers in 1876 created public outrage in Europe, and were a major factor in preventing Britain from supporting Turkey in the Russo–Turkish War of 1877–78, which led to Bulgaria gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire.〔 The introduction (p. vii) cites the importance of MacGahan's reports on British policy: 'the letters...have been acknowledged by the Government not only to have made it aware of the important facts of which, until their publication, it was ignorant, but to have changed the conditions under which diplomacy must henceforth be exercised." (p. iii).〕
== Youth and education ==
Januarius Aloysius MacGahan was born near New Lexington, Ohio on June 12, 1844.〔(The 2005 MacGahan Festival ), MacGahan American-Bulgarian Foundation, New Lexington, Ohio. Accessed 2008-01-16.〕 His father was an immigrant from Ireland who had served on the ''Northumberland'', the ship which took Napoleon into exile on St. Helena. MacGahan moved to St. Louis, where he worked briefly as a teacher and as a journalist. There he met General Philip Sheridan, a Civil War hero also of Irish parentage, who convinced him to study law in Europe. He sailed to Brussels in December 1868.
MacGahan did not get a law degree, but he discovered that he had a gift for languages, learning French and German. He ran short of money and was about to return to America in 1870 when the Franco-Prussian War broke out. Sheridan happened to be an observer with the German Army, and he used his influence to persuade the European editor of the New York Herald to hire MacGahan as a war correspondent with the French Army.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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